Cooper - kettle vaporizer gas concentration
For anesthesiologists:
Copper Kettle Math
•VO: Vapor Output (mL/min)
•CG: Carrier Gas Flow (mL/min)
•VP: Vapor Pressure (mmHg)
•BP: Barometric Pressure (760mmHg)
•VAA%: Volatile Anesthetic Agent Concentration
VO = CG x VP VO = Total Gas Flow
BP – VP VAA%
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Daniel Wajnperlach
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